Henry James referred to TTOTS as a potboiler Essay

Henry James alluded to ‘TTOTS’ as a potboiler. Considering this remark, investigate the foundation of a basic apparition story in the preamble and initial five sections. Henry James expressed that ‘TTOTS’ was a potboiler, implied distinctly to be seen as a basic apparition story which in the Victorian time was the means by which it was initially acknowledged. Anyway a progressively present day crowd ay decipher the novella as something else. Relating back to the possibility of a basic apparition story, the novella begins with a normal phantom story setting †‘The story had held us, round the fire’ underlined by the portrayal of the house being ‘gruesome’ and it being ‘Christmas Eve’ illuminating us that it is evening time. All are contributing variables to a perfect apparition story and these focuses begin to fabricate the strain and anticipation up as of now inside the initial not many lines. ‘Held us, round the fire’ reveals to us how they are sticking to this materialistic substance for solace and warmth, regular undertones of fire. Utilization of language, for example, ‘dreadful’ and ‘terror’ expands this feeling of a more prominent looming phantom story †that of which we catch wind of the Governess. Besides this sets the state of mind and makes the environment for the crowd to completely welcome the ‘horror’ of this phantom story. Also, the possibility of them recounting to phantom stories gives us a quick impression that there is an apparition story anticipating the crowd. The utilization of increasingly emotional language, for example, ‘for sheer terror?’ and ‘for horrible †dreadfulness’ start the precarious grade of anticipation and pressure we will feel all through the story. The possibility of realness all through this novella is key for the crowd to concentrate on. To build this thought of the story being genuine, James utilizes an encircled account to attract the peruser to accept that the story is valid. Generally speaking the story could prevail without the preface yet with it, the crowd is much bound to continue through the book with a thought or reality. The primary character in the preface, Douglas, tells the anonymous storyteller and the remainder of the gathering of an apparition story much more regrettable than any that have been told. ‘If the kid gives the impact of another turn of the screw, what do you say to two kids †?’ Obviously indicating that his story contains two kids, expanding the repulsiveness the crowd are presently certain that they are perusing a basic apparition story. Anyway this thought can be contended as we proceed all through the introduction and the main section. We discover that about the Governess, additionally, we learn Douglas’ assessment of her. ‘Is in old blurred ink and in the most excellent hand’. From this we can decipher that Douglas’ might be affectionate or conceivably infatuated with the Governess making his assessment one-sided subsequently detracting from the unwavering quality of the story. The utilization of characters in the introduction nearly goes about as a similitude for the peruser. ‘Everybody will stay!’ and ‘I will †and I will!’ could be utilized to speak to how James needs the peruser to respond to perusing the real phantom story. Straight away in the principal part we find out about how the tutor endured ‘a progression of flights and drops’. As of now we begin to associate the unpredictability with her and the unwavering quality of her story which clearly contends against its possibility being a basic phantom story and starts to set out the establishment for the possibility that there might be inclinations of something increasingly suspect. Anyway her portrayal of Bly is extraordinarily positive. ‘A dazzling day’, ‘summer sweetness’ and ‘a well disposed surprise’ are completely utilized in one sentence and all are unbelievably hopeful, giving us that the tutor is a constructive individual. Anyway she is by all accounts exceptionally hyperbolic, portraying the primary kid, Flora, as ‘one of Raphael’s sacred infants’. Clearly this is taking it to boundaries, which implies this probably won't be the main thing that she is overstating all through the novella. Towards the finish of section one, she depicts portions of the house with language, for example, ‘empty chambers’, ‘dull corridors’ and ‘crooked staircase’ al of which are negative portrayals, anyway she quickly begins to portray the house as ‘a palace of romance’ and something from a ‘story book’. In addition, as she is peppering her negative statements with positive and the other way around greatly demonstrating her inconceivable instability. This is a significant thought that the remainder of the story might be overstated or possibly false. This could likewise hint her character later on into the novella. All through the sections the language of Mrs Grose turns out to be progressively faulty. As a crowd of people we are continually informed that she is ‘simple-minded’ anyway she sees to know significantly more than she is letting on. ‘Are you apprehensive he’ll degenerate you?’ This is odd as she is discussing Miles, a multi year old kid. This make the crowd figure, in what capacity can a little youngster degenerate a completely developed lady? Driving us on to thin she might be discussing another person. As we progress through the story we find out about the Governess’s sexual disappointment toward the ace. Going with this thought is that she sees the specter of Peter Quint upon the pinnacle. This is could suggest that she is anticipating her sexual dissatisfaction onto a fanciful figure as a discharge to needing to see the ace. ‘A beguiling story unexpectedly to meet someone’ and later ‘He stood there!’ She possibly observes this figure remained there when she is envisioning the ace, a dubious thought that the peruser may investigate. ‘The man who met my eyes was not the individual I precipitately supposed’. This statement backs up my past purpose of the anticipating this thought of meeting the ace on her strolls. During these initial barely any sections we experience a sensible measure of strict language, ‘Raphael’s sacred infants’, ‘divine’ and ‘he has red hair’ these all suggest thoughts of how the plot is influenced by the strict parts of the Victorian period and their perspectives on phantoms. As they believed in apparitions and were mostly strict, these thoughts were acknowledged energetically and just expanded any feelings felt inside the Victorian peruser as they advanced through the story. Generally speaking, my own perspectives are that there are basic mental thoughts in ‘TTOTS’ and that despite the fact that it tends to be perused as a straight apparition story, to completely welcome the novella the peruser must dive further and recover any conspicuous thoughts that propose something other than a run of the mill phantom story. James utilizes an assortment of methods which cause his characters to appear to be much more passionate more profound than only an individual who is apprehensive in a major house. Anyway the possibility of validness all through backs up its purpose being a straight apparition story. I do accept that it is a mazed peruser and can be available to an assortment of understandings.

Company profile Fytosal ltd Free Essays

MKG501B Assessment 1 MUHAMMAD JUNAID JAMAL FYTOSAL ltd. †Company profile Fytosal ltd. is an exchanging organization with a global cooperation of accomplices, working in the field of solid sustenance across Slovakia and other European nations since 2003. We will compose a custom exposition test on Organization profile Fytosal ltd or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now It has been set up with the expect to help wellbeing security by delivering and dispersing of prebiotic items produced using TOPINAMBUR at the local just as remote market. Topinambur is one of a kind plant concealing solid and mending vitality from the nature. It contains substances that well influence human life form and assists with forestalling and recuperate a few sicknesses. Its exceptionality lays additionally in the way that it is safe against overwhelming metals. It comprises of extremely valuable segment †inulin that helps in the treatment of different ailments surely diabetes mellitus. The provider of the crude material †topinambur tuber is simply the organization, since it develops topinambur on 5ha in Slovakia. Organization is a sole wholesaler, having no opposition in Slovakia. It conveys the accompanying items through the stores of sound nourishment and bread shops to the last shopper. At present there are around 60 solid sustenance stores selling the accompanying topinambur items: * Top-inulin tablets * Top-inulin powder * Syrup * Jams * Sweets SWOT investigation Strengths * company’s think what about the exchanging and developing of topinmabur * it is an organization with universal participation * it is completely financed from accomplices commitments * approaches Hungarian market, since one accomplice lives and follows up for the benefit of organization in Hungary * scholarly capability of HR * company’s system concentrated on advancement procedure of creation * own encounters and own exchange mark Shortcomings * size of a venture, it is a little organization * absence of representatives information about topinambur toward the start of work * nonappearance of mechanical hardware for delivering of items * need of concentrated tending to of individuals * more significant expenses in examination with staples, individuals are utilized to Opportunities * expanding enthusiasm for offered solid nourishment items produced using topinambur in Slovakia and other European and non-European nations * backing of the work in the locale * potential for supporting of wellbeing security no opposition for the items produced using topinambur Threats * absence of people’s information about the great impacts of sound sustenance food stuffs and topinambur itself * general doubt of individuals * world financial downturn * work power displacement * installment control of buyers * conceivable economic situations change * authoritative changes * stagnation of monetary development * deficient quali ty work power Competition In Slovakia, Fytosal ltd. has no opposition, in sense that there is no other organization offering indistinguishable items from Fytosal does. The main organization that manages topinambur developing is Fytosal that is an exchanging organization too. These are perfect conditions for the further organization advancement. Concerning levels, France is an European chief. Topinambur was presented there without precedent for 1600. Germany is viewed as one of the main nations too, primarily in collection of items produced using topinambur and took this position likewise on account of profound and modern investigation of topinambur organization. Third nation is Hungary, as a result of its scholarly potential. Clients Fytosal ltd. is, inside the company’s procedure, concentrated on dynamic individuals on the residential just as European market. The objective gathering is all the gatherings keen on sound way of life. There are three distinct gatherings * stores of sound nourishment * bigger exchanging chains * pastry kitchens or confectioners. There are 62 stores offering these items. Bigger buyers like Tesco or Hypernova are keen on definite items like jams, syrups and confections. Be that as it may, these are viewed as simply potential clients, since Fytosal ltd. as not settled on any understanding affirming the collaboration between them. Pastry kitchens consider purchasing of semi-completed item topinambur powder. Fundamental factors that impact clients when purchasing results of sound sustenance are value, quality, pay just as sicknesses or ability to live more beneficial life. Cost is roughly twice as higher as in examination with normal jams and syrups. That is the reason prim arily higher pay society could manage the cost of them and become not just single-shot clients. Thinking about the inclinations of individuals, they are for the most part keen on syrups, sticks and confections for their kids. Interest for tablets isn't so high and the primary explanation is that individuals don't confide in tablets since there are a lot of different medications promising ensured results, which isn't in every case valid. The other motivation behind why clients normally incline toward â€Å"sweet† type of topinambur is the way that such items have indistinguishable therapeudic impacts from tablets have. It is additionally essential to make reference to people’s ignorance of topinambur that contrarily impacts its attractiveness. Organization attempts to advise populace through different introductions, workshops and shows like Dia day and other. Publicizing/Promotion It is unavoidable for the organization the executives to think about the correspondence approach appropriately, as a result of people’s ignorance about this new and old plant and its therapeudic impacts. Since the organization is delegated a microenterprise, it doesn't discard enormous measure of extra monetary assets to be utilized for items advancement. The biggest accentuation is hence committed to the accompanying exercises. the making of site in three dialects †Slovak, English and German language is essential as this type of correspondence and information gaining is the most well known. * Presentations, workshops and shows could likewise improve people’s familiarity with this almost overlooked herb. * Word of mouth, positive references and proposals will likely not increment the interest in the huge degree, yet may expand organization picture in the district. * The other structure could be sending of messages including elevating materials and pamphlets to address potential clients. The most well known type of advancing results of Fytosal ltd. has been composing of different articles in various magazines. Organization agents guess that magazine articles would be the best method of items advancement. Figuring a system I. Organization crucial: TOPINAMBUR FOR THE HEALTH OF EVERY CELLâ€Å" II. Company’s key objective: „TO BECOME A LEADER IN THE EUROPEAN MARKET â€Å" Market Development Company decided the expect to turn into an European head. To arrive at this point, organization needs to detail a procedure also to characterize potential issues and their answers. The primary spotlight is on contenders. This way to break down contenders, their abilities, qualities and shortcomings so as to exploit thus to expand seriousness. Since the organization doesn't have any present rivals in Slovakia and its point is to infiltrate to European market, it centers around outside contenders. As we have just referenced previously, Germany, France and Hungary are viewed as European driving nations. To take a model Topina ltd. is the biggest German maker of items from Topinambur. Their items vary from those that organization offers. It is critical to be inventive underway and to realize how to draw in clients. Statistical surveying of neighboring nations as Poland, Czech Republic and Hungary ought to be made. The essential promoting point is to increase new clients. To satisfy this point, a few auxiliary points help. The first 62 stores of sound sustenance acquired by Fytosal ltd. should spread wide to least of 100 stores. Organization should address in any event ten additional bread shops to gracefully topinambur powder to be included by baked good creation. Moreover, bigger chains like Tesco and Hypernova ought to be routed to dedicate a corner for Topinambur items. New business open door Since the way that this plant is so interesting and offers a great deal of chances for usage, organization may exploit it and expand its item portfolio. With the exception of sound nourishment and food supplements, organization can begin fresh out of the box new task corrective items produced using Topinambur. Corrective items portfolio will include four items: cleanser, hair demulcent, hair-tonic and body milk. Step by step instructions to refer to Company profile Fytosal ltd, Essay models

Thursday Evenings at SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Thursday Evenings at SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The following was contributed by Kristoffer Tangri, a second-year SIPA student from Germany pursuing a MIA degree with a concentration in International Security Policy. _________________________ Thursdays are popular for events and receptions at SIPA and sometimes it can be difficult to choose. Last Thursday was one of these days.   After having listened to the insights of a respectable guest speaker from the International Peace Institute in my class on “Building Peace after Conflict”, I had a remarkable choice of public events and reception to attend at SIPA. Not always an easy choice. Downstairs on the 4th floor, the auditorium was filling with students who were interested in hearing Noam Chomsky’s opinions on “The Unipolar Moment and the Culture of Imperialism”, while in the building next door, Robert C. Orr, Assistant Secretary-General for Planning and Policy Coordination in the Executive Office of the Secretary-General, was speaking on “The Secretary-General’s Agenda and The Challenges He Faces.” Meanwhile, on the 15th floor, SIPA’s Energy Association was hosting a panel to discuss “the adaptation of large-scale renewable energy under a proposed cap and trade system” and on the same floor, Columbia’s Dirk Salomons was moderating a panel discussion about the international response to the ongoing crisis of childhood malnutrition with experts from the Doctors Without Borders. After so much academic input, one feels the need to go out and socialize with fellow students but where?   Should I go to the UN Studies Christmas Party on the 9th floor, or drop by the Latin American Association’s reception? Maybe I go over to the B-School on Campus for a few hours of free drinks (paid for by the tuition of our wealthy Business School students). Later that evening, the Migration Working Group was having a fundraiser party down in the East Village, too. One thing you can be sure of at SIPA. You will always have an amazing variety of public lectures and events to attend, both at SIPA and at the many departments around Columbia University and of course New York City itself, with the UN and Wall Street just around the corner. And in case you are worried about the living costs of New York, these events always come with free food and wine.

Afro-Brazilian Self-Identity in Brazil Essay - 1354 Words

Over the past several decades there has been an increase, in Brazil, of people whom self-identify as being black or Afro-Brazilian. What sparked the rise in these identities in Brazil? Was it possible material and intellectual gains or, sparked from activism, or from other possible factors. The black movement and affirmation of â€Å"black† identity came about much later in Brazil than in other countries such as the United States. In my opinion the most important factors for the rise in these identities are the material gains from the Quilombo Clause, the effects of affirmative action and quotas, as well as social activism. One important reason for the increase in people identifying as black in Brazil is the Quilombo Clause in the 1988†¦show more content†¦For this community many, who did not prior, began to identify as black in order to qualify for the Quilombo clause and get the material gain of land. Another factor that has led to the increase in people identifying as black is affirmative action and the quota system. In the early 2000s Brazilian government started to introduce affirmative action with a quota system. Quotas were added for university admissions, government jobs, film and media, among other things. Affirmative action policies also favored places that gave fair employment to blacks (Htun). The quota systems allow blacks to have more opportunities for jobs and other intellectual gains. These gains are an incentive for people, whom may not have prior, to begin to self-identify as black in order to qualify for them. An example of the quota system in use are the students in Brazil deciding whether or not to apply for the university entrance exam under the quota system in the Wide Angle segment â€Å"Brazil in Black and White†. In this segment they follow five kids who are taking the entrance exam. Two of these kids decide to apply under the quota system (Wide Angle). One of these kids is a girl who is lighter skinned and even though she is lighter she is applying under the quota system because it would increase her chances of getting in. Both of the girls who decide to apply under the quota system do it because it increases their chancesShow MoreRelatedBrazil And Its Impact On America1872 Words   |  8 PagesBrazil is located in Eastern South America and borders the Atlantic Ocean. Brazil is very comparable to the USA, being only slightly smaller in size. The economy is well-developed in agriculture, mining, manufacturing, and service sectors, and it has an expanding middle class. Brazil was under Portuguese rule until it gained independence in 1822 and maintained a monarchical system of government until the abolition of slavery in 1888. The African Diaspora is based upon a globalized notion of blacknessRead MoreAn Examination Of The Problematic Areas Of Inequality And Racism Within Brazil1797 Words   |  8 Pagesthe problematic areas of inequality and racism within Brazil. It mainly focuses on the superstition of a â€Å"racial democracy,† in Brazil closely concentrating on the primary causes of exclusion among Afro-Brazilians: Race, Education and Political Power. In my research paper I will be revealing the consequences of the Portuguese colonization of the 1500’s, and how their influence established the creation of the racial hierarchy within the Brazilian life and culture today. It will also offer correlationsRead MoreRacial Discrimination During The 20th Century3606 Words   |  15 Pages Starting in 1501, white Portuguese men enslaved over five million Africans and brought them back to Brazil to work on sugar plantations, creating a power dynamic that has lasted for centuries. After nearly four hundred years of slavery, freed black men and women were left with no education, place to live, or family, placing them at an economic disadvantage from the beginning. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, following emancipation, white men began to procreate with indigenousRead MoreBrazil : The United States1506 Words   |  7 PagesBrazil Coming to the United States from Brazil can be achieved with a Visa, but many come to the United States with the plan on not returning back to their country so they end up staying in the United States for good as immigrants. In 1990 approximately one million Brazilians where living outside of their country. Many of these immigrants got offered jobs in the hospitality and service industries in southern Florida, California and northeastern metropolitan areas. Brazilians that are considered upperRead MoreEffects Of The Slave Trade On The Country s Oldest Cities And The First Capital Of Brazil2456 Words   |  10 Pagescities and the first capital of Brazil, from 1796 to 1888, Salvador de Bahia had witnessed successful blending of European, African and Indigenous cultures. From 1558, the first slave market in the New World, with slaves arriving to work on the sugar plantations and later tobacco fields, Salvador became the poster-child for positive cultural assimilation. The slave trade, which lasted in Bahia until 1888 had a direct impact on the state today; large Afro-Brazilian population and its European, AfricanRead MoreBlack Hair By Lilly Caldwell Essay1336 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"THE NEGRA IN BRAZILIAN POPULAR CULTURE† Lilly say’s, this song provides a telling example of Black women s portrayal in Brazilian popular culture. After my researched online. I found a news source with a case pending here in the US where a Black woman with â€Å"Locks†, was hired on a job, then told she must change her hairstyle, it was not acceptable, which was racist and degrading. The issues with the acceptance of back hair in America and around the world is a condition of pride, self-esteem and ignoranceRead MoreCultural Analysis Brazil2706 Words   |  11 Pages| 2015 | | | [Cultural Analysis - brazil] | MKT 6003 RESEARCH PAPER | Abstract I currently lead a team called Pontonet as part of my responsibilities as Sr. Strategic Customer Manager who is based in Brazil. When I began my job in August I was quickly introduced and held meetings with my manager and a co-worker. I noticed very quickly that our abrasive American ways of communicating was not effective by listening in on conference calls with the three of us. I noticed as well thatRead MoreSlavery And Self Identification : The United States And Brazil2955 Words   |  12 PagesProfessor Lakeyta Bonnette POLS 4165 2 February 2015 Slavery and Self Identification in the United States and Brazil Throughout the history of the colonized Americas you will find that slavery played a large role in the success of the countries specifically the United States. With slavery becoming so prominent within the United States we often ignore that most Africans involved in Trans- Atlantic Slave Trade were taken to Brazil. Although Brazil may have one of the largest population of black/ African peopleRead MoreEssay about Cultural Conformity1473 Words   |  6 PagesOver but the Shoutin, Bragg reveals the influence of racism on the modern world. The effects of these unjust social practices can be felt throughout humanity today. Rick Bragg’s memoir, All Over but the Shoutin, explores his journey to find his identity. Raised in Piedmont, Alabama, Bragg grew up poverty-stricken. Bragg’s mother picked cotton for a few pennies while his father was a chronic alcoholic, often abandoning him on multiple occasions during his childhood. His mother sold anything she couldRead MoreFeminism : A Transnational Feminist Approach1433 Words   |  6 Pagesimpact. Brazil is a widely diverse country that promotes a self-image of itself as a â€Å"racial democracy†, yet there still seems to be an underlying racial discrimination. For example, states that find themselves with a greater population of the â€Å"darker† side of the Brazilian skin color spectrum tend to have greater numbers of marginalized people. Within those areas, one might find higher rates of violence, increased poverty, and physical dilapidation. In relation to colonial rule, Brazil had the largest

Slavery And Its Effects On Society Essay - 1911 Words

HRemember Their Faces History has an abundance to share with those making more of it. Looking back into the past the common man has as many eras of pride as they have eras of miserable shortcomings. Ironically, the two are directly related. For, the pride almost always sources from the times when man rose up and conquered his shortcomings. Throughout the interweaving of time, human beings have been blinded and then seen light of truth, fighting and speaking out until all were exposed to its freedom and beauty. Now is a time when a light is needed. A shaded and forgotten reality is currently tearing families apart and subjecting human beings to inhuman treatment. Slavery is taught in history classes as a thing of the past. The first movement against its unethical transatlantic exploitation was led by William Wilberforce, who passed a bill through the British Parliament in 1833 that was meant to end human trafficking (Fisanick). Jumping forward into the present, almost all countries have banned and illegalized slavery (Fisanick). However, what if you were told that 600,000 to 800,000 human beings are trafficked worldwide every single year, and that an estimate of 14,500 to 17,000 of those slaves are being sold and exchanged within the United States (Bickerstaff 14)? Tragically, this is a current and undeniable truth that exists with very little advertisement or awareness, and the United States has failed to take the appropriate measures to end this horror as far asShow MoreRelatedSlavery And Its Effects On Society1440 Words   |  6 PagesSlavery spans to nearly every culture, nationality, and religion and from ancient times to the present day. Slavery was a legal institution in which humans were legally considered property of another. Slaves were brought to the American colonies, and were utilized in building the economic foundations of the new world. In the 18th century, new ideas of human rights and freedom emerged out of the European Enlightenment stretching across the Americas and Europe. By the era of the American RevolutionRead MoreSlavery And Its Effect On Society1801 Words   |  8 PagesSlavery reached its highest level of infamy in eastern Europe and persisted for a time in the American colonies. Throughout history the best recollection of slavery appeared during the time when the African people first arrived to Europe and when the colonies had first developed into the earliest roots of the United States of America. Based on that statement one would believe that slavery had not existed before that time period or that the consequences and relevance of it had little historical, socialRead MoreSlavery And Its Effects On Society1361 Words   |  6 Pageshuman beings. They did not like their circumstance of being another human’s property and understood that in order to survive, they had to accommodate what they could not change. The â€Å"Peculiar Institution† was named to lessen the harsh definition of slavery, which was delusio nal vision on the part of antebellum Southern capitalist. Masters valued slaves for the labor they produced and the amount of capital each one could generate, not necessarily as human’s with minds, souls, or emotions; any slaveRead MoreSlavery And Its Effects On Society898 Words   |  4 Pagesfreeing the slaves. In 1858, Lincoln stated that the United States had to become either an all slave country or all free country. By this time, the Union and the Confederacy have shown their opinions on bondage, with the union anti-slavery and the Confederacy pro-slavery. The United States could not be a half-free country and half -lave country otherwise the war would have: one, been pointless because they would not have solved anything as well as lost lives without a cause, and two, the states whereRead MoreSlavery And Its Effects On Society Essay1743 Words   |  7 PagesLizeth Prieto Andrea Arevalo Ana Reza Alyssa Ruiz English 10 October 30, 2016 Dehumanized Humans Since the year 1619, slavery has been around, and there are thousands of victims that have been a part of this segregation. African Americans suffered and were mistreated throughout years, due to the existence of segregation of color. Individuals were treated like toys, objects, tortured, and killed for the fact of that their color of their skin is differentRead MoreSlavery And Its Effects On Society854 Words   |  4 Pagesyou had been robbed? Would these feelings cause you to feel trapped†¦maybe even a like a slave? Slavery comes in many different forms. Most of the time, we think of slavery in the physical sense; for example, a physical restriction or a physical limitation placed upon you by an opposing force. However, there is another aspect of slavery, one that is lesser-known yet equally impactful, mental slavery. Not knowing how to liberate your mind, to discover and capitalize on surrounding and imminentRead MoreEffects of Slavery on American Society2112 Words   |  9 Pages African American slavery has a dramatic impact on slaves and it changed all time periods in American society throughout America’s history. From the 1600’s when slaves first arrived from Africa, through the Civil War, Great Depression, Civil Rights Era and up until today, slavery’s impact has been felt in America. Slavery was brought to America as early as 1619, but we chose to keep it here for over 200 years, longer than any other country who also adopted the ways of slavery. Our economy flo urishedRead MoreEffects Of Slavery On The American Society Essay2196 Words   |  9 PagesGerson Ventura and effect essay Nov 3rd, 2015 Cause and effect of slavery on the American society The term slave is defined as a person held in servitude of another, or one that has no control to a dominating influence. A long time ago people realized that the slaves could be used to make a profit, and during the early 16th century, and sailors began to travel to Africa to get slaves. In the history of America from 1619 until July 1st 1928 slavery occurred within the countryRead MoreThe Effects of Slavery on Our Society Essay1050 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Slavery is an institution for converting men into monkeys.† What if all our rights were stripped from us when we wake up tomorrow? Slavery is something many of us can hardly imagine. Being bought and sold like a savage, getting treated like property, unprotected from slander and insults, being denied the basic rights of humanity, and being systematically subdued by society to think that you are no better than the dirtiest animals that live on the earth. Bread to work long grueling days, slaves leadRead MoreFrederick Do uglass s Narrative Of The Life Of Fredrick Douglass, An American Slave1434 Words   |  6 Pagesstory to a pre-Civil War American public, which had a tremendous effect on the views whites had about slavery and its role in American society. Douglass became a self-educated man as he grew up within the entanglements of slavery, but as a child he did not realize the effect that knowledge would eventually have on his life. His mistress, Sophia Auld, began teaching him how to read until his master Hugh Auld warned her against its effects on the regression of Douglass’s quality as a slave. In his renowned

The Artwork Free Essays

The artwork I chose for my paper comes from an artist by the name of Angel Rodriguez-Diaz. The title of the artwork is Circulos de Confusion meaning Circles of Confusion, and was painted in 1993. It is 31 7/8 inches high and 84 inches wide. We will write a custom essay sample on The Artwork or any similar topic only for you Order Now This particular piece of art is painted, oil on paper on linen. Angel Rodriguez-Diaz is an American contemporary artist born in 1955, who lives in the San Antonio area. In Circulos de Confusion, there is a detailed painting of a shirtless man, 30’s-40’s in age, wrinkles in the face, surrounded by a multitude of different colored circles. The man has his hands resting on his face. His index and middle fingers on each hand above his eyes, his ring fingers touching across the bridge of his nose and his pinkies resting above his lips just under his nose. He has a watch on his left wrist. His eyes have a blank, captivating stare. The circles in the painting range in color from bright yellows and oranges to deep blues and subtle greens. The eyes of the man give meaning to the title of the artwork. Without his facial expression I would just assume this painting would be titled ‘circles – man with a headache’. His eyes having a blank stare show his confusion without words. The way his hands rest on his face show where the focus should be in the painting. The watch in the painting shows the element of time but because you cannot see the time on the watch it leaves you with the impression that maybe time is still. The circles in the painting provide for thought that the man’s mind is cluttered with thoughts as is the paper cluttered with circles. The brighter yellows and oranges are more centralized in the painting, whereas the darker greens and blues are more around the edges. The circles surround the man in the middle, except for on his chest and arms where the circles are not as close together but are still present. The way this painting was conducted only provides me with one meaning, although to a better trained eye there may be more. The man in the center of this painting is confused. His eyes give that iconic meaning to the expression of confusion. There is no clear indication as to what he is confused about. With his appearance being shirtless, I would say it is either early in the morning or late in the evening and he may be staring into a mirror or reflective surface. It is possible he has a difficult decision to make or is not sure why a certain set of events occurred. The lack of background provides me with the notion that he is alone and isolated from the world in his thoughts. How to cite The Artwork, Essay examples

Reform Essay Example For Students

Reform Essay In 1996, President Clinton signed a bill ending welfare as we know it; however, its true demise remains yet to be seen according to James Payne. In his new book, Overcoming Welfare: Expecting More From the Poorand From Ourselves, Payne explains the problems with government operated welfare programs. The bill signed by President Clinton is not the first attempt at welfare reform. Payne argues that after more than a century of welfare reform efforts, we continue to develop and implement the same type of public assistancehand-outs. He explains that our welfare system has resulted in a segment of our population expecting something for nothing; which, in Paynes eye, is not charitable but harmful both socially and morally. The author defines two types of assistancea right and a wrong way to provide for the needy. The first type is sympathetic giving as exemplified by government-operated welfare programs. Sympathetic giving is providing for those who are in need without expecting anything in return. The opposite approach is expectant givingproviding for the needy, but expecting something from them as well. Payne argues in his book that the latter type is more beneficial to the recipient and that our welfare system is a disservice to those it serves. Unfortunately, sympathetic giving weakens the social disapproval of harmful behavior by appearing to endorse it. He points out that must forms of such giving are done with good intentions but creates dependence. Payne analyzes the philosophy of nineteenth-century charitable workers, or what he likes to call, charitable theorists. They believed that personal interaction with the needy and the requirement of some action in exchange for aid was the best way to serve the poor. Requiring some form of payment they maintained, provided the needy person with dignity and a sense of self-worth, while the personal interaction provided the needy with an incentive to meet the payment requirement. According to Payne, charitable workers said that effective help, required genuine, voluntary, personal relationships between helper and helped, not giveaways of material assistance, for these, they believe perpetuated or even compounded misfortune. Their aid was future-oriented, directed at improving the character of recipients and their ability to thrive and achieve. The systems of assistance organized by charity workers operate One example Payne uses to illustrate the difference in the two types of giving is the Toys for Tots program which collects toys at Christmas to give to needy children. People believe they are doing a good thing; however, Payne argues that this type of program is our typical approach of providing for the poor which is pervasive in our public assistance programs. The parents get something for nothing and, as Payne argues, The childrens realization that their parents are not supplying the toys can undermine parental confidence and authority. In contrast, Pride for Parents, a program in Raleigh, North Carolina, offers toys parents can buy at a reduced price which allows the parents to feel good about providing for their children. The children can also feel good about their parents. Payne believes we must get personally involved with those in need. He thinks that providing material things alone is not the best way to help people but providing opportunities and guidance is the answer. We tend to give money to compensate for our lack of effort to get involved, but this type of giving perpetuates the idleness and give me attitude prevalent among recipients of welfare assistance. Many will say they do not have time to volunteer, but Payne predicts that advances in technology, a larger population of retirees, and more leisure time should allow us more time. As a country we have simply forgotten how to volunteer. .u7ce8f93a2673e8f847abe02703c790ad , .u7ce8f93a2673e8f847abe02703c790ad .postImageUrl , .u7ce8f93a2673e8f847abe02703c790ad .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7ce8f93a2673e8f847abe02703c790ad , .u7ce8f93a2673e8f847abe02703c790ad:hover , .u7ce8f93a2673e8f847abe02703c790ad:visited , .u7ce8f93a2673e8f847abe02703c790ad:active { border:0!important; } .u7ce8f93a2673e8f847abe02703c790ad .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7ce8f93a2673e8f847abe02703c790ad { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7ce8f93a2673e8f847abe02703c790ad:active , .u7ce8f93a2673e8f847abe02703c790ad:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7ce8f93a2673e8f847abe02703c790ad .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7ce8f93a2673e8f847abe02703c790ad .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7ce8f93a2673e8f847abe02703c790ad .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7ce8f93a2673e8f847abe02703c790ad .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7ce8f93a2673e8f847abe02703c790ad:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7ce8f93a2673e8f847abe02703c790ad .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7ce8f93a2673e8f847abe02703c790ad .u7ce8f93a2673e8f847abe02703c790ad-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7ce8f93a2673e8f847abe02703c790ad:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Carnegie hall Essay Throughout the book, Payne weaves personal quotes and excerpts from the writings of nineteenth-century charity workers. This approach is illuminating because it illustrates how far removed from this model our attitude toward giving has become. Todays social programs are weighed down by government regulations and rules}programs must serve everyone equally. Payne argues that should not be the case. He compares and contrasts the methods and effectiveness of private charities or organizations that have embraced the concept of expectant giving and the governments system of Paynes book is thought provoking and insightful. He

Ladies Gentleman Essay Essay Example

Ladies Gentleman Essay Essay The point was about the term â€Å"ladies and gentlemen. † It would be easy to believe of upper category adult females in brassy frocks and excessive chapeaus and work forces in dress suits and top chapeaus when speaking about ladies and gentlemen. However. one of my ends when utilizing the footings is to do their definitions much more than mere visual aspect. if visual aspect at all. This modernisation of the footings helps conveying the definition into the current century and throw away the traditional and really closed-minded definition. It is for this ground that I believe being a lady or gentleman is based on personality. how a individual treats others. I speak for most people who use the term â€Å"ladies and gentlemen† in mention to a person’s behavior. non a person’s category. societal standing. race. gender. Some. when faced with the footings â€Å"ladies and gentlemen. † will instantly presume the worst by utilizing the out-of-date definitions. Some will besides delve for grounds to label those who use â€Å"ladies and gentlemen† . In labeling us this manner. these people do non ease any kind of advancement for the footings or for any kind of integrity for adult females. or work forces. ladies or gentleman. We will write a custom essay sample on Ladies Gentleman Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Ladies Gentleman Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Ladies Gentleman Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We live where we ought to non judge people by the colour of their tegument. their category. gender. or gender. with all of this. there are still groups who refuse to take off their winkers. Ladies and Gentleman. now there is a stating that has been with us for a long clip. but what does it truly intend and where did it come from? Let’s start with the ladies as we all have been known to make in the century we live in today to ever let ladies to be foremost. The term ladies could intend many different things to many different civilizations so let’s acquire the 1 that is chiefly recognized by all. There are legion definitions of a lady and I am certain that we all have varied sentiments of what a lady is. but here is a few from the lexicon. â€Å"Chiefly British A general feminine rubric of aristocracy and other rank. specifically. Used as the rubric for the married woman or widow of a knight or Bart. Used as a signifier of reference for a marchioness. countess. viscounts. baroness. or baronets’ . Used as a signifier of reference for the married woman or widow of a baron. Used as a courtesy rubric for the girl of a duke. a Marquis. or an Earl. Used as a courtesy rubric for the married woman of a younger boy of a duke or marquis† ( Ladies. n. . ) . To discourse gentleman. as in mention to ladies is an wholly different subject but closely related. However to divide them is about UN heard of in this society we live in today. The author here feels it of necessity to come up with a definition of what is a gentleman where did this term semen from. The definition of what the dictionary provinces is: . A adult male of soft or baronial birth or superior societal place: â€Å"He’s excessively much a gentleman to be a scholar† . Used as a signifier of reference for a group of work forces ( gentleman. n. . ) . Now we have a general thought of what a Ladies and a gentleman Are. let’s put them together to acquire a better apprehension of â€Å"Ladies and Gentleman† . To take a expression at them separately is one facet to see but let’s expression at what a well rounded individual is first and first prior to going a Lady or a gentleman. I’Uomo Universal Literally. â€Å"universal Man† a ego reliant. multitalented. freethinking single â€Å" ( Sayre H 2008-2012 ) . From the art work to the poesy of art and even the given doctrine that was all merely a cultural portion of turning with the ages was known to do Ladies and gentleman and chiefly a humanist in all signifiers of the century. It was certain beliefs and attitudes to assist do people what is universally known every bit good rounded. However the importance from instruction to cultural patterns from doctrine made them who they were and their pattern of going ladies and gentleman. In a study conducted I was able to canvass 10 people and from vary ages and backgrounds. Although they all had varies sentiments on what a lady and what a gentleman is. It was a small redundant on what the ladies had to state refering their definitions. and what the work forces had in their responses. The simple fact from the ladies side was largely about the frock of a lady and how they carried themselves in public. However on the men’s side of the scenario it was largely about them being of a maternal inherent aptitude. and idiosyncrasies of a lady one being polite. sincere and affably whole. However when it came to the Gentleman portion of this study it was all about holding nice employment and being a good supplier. and one time once more a good male parent figure. Funny as it seems this was from both the male and the female’s sentiment. My age bracket was from one. my boy who is 20 one. to my neighbour who is in their 1960ss. The ladies were a adult female in their mid mid-twentiess to my female parent in her late 1970ss. Their careers were that of fabrication to one of a professional adult female a instructor. However it was an interesting fact when I asked these inquiries to my miss who was brought up good as she calls it bluish blood. or if you will high society and her idea’s and experiences being brought up to be a lady. The fact that she was taught to courtesy in her early old ages and to hold proper idiosyncrasies of that type of upbringing to be able to be presented to other able blue blooded work forces at 18 for a possible mate to guarantee of proper engendering from their lineage was slightly a brainsick response to my inquiries on being a lady or a gentleman. Therefore to some things up and to propose whether or non I agree with Castiglione and his descriptions of a adult female and that of a adult male or should we state a lady and a gentleman? To be or non to be the existent inquiry. a adult female. lady or adult male or gentleman. Therefore I will portion my sentiments on the positives. I see fit and the negatives that I believe could be harmful to 1s general character. To be born out of aristocracy would be an amazing trade but when and where we were born and the freedom of pick in our upbringing is one I am a small half and half on if that makes sense. in other words I do believe it is fantastic to be born with your parents and holding them portion of your life to assist steer you. and to forestall mistakes in their civilization to assist do you a good rounded individual. However to experience that a judgement is made upon you from whose household you were born into and how you were to dress and what reactions one would hold towards you because of your aristocracy at birth and being told you believe this manner or that manner I feel is incorrect. Therefore to be judgmental of the tegument the frock and down to the linguistic communication and how it is spoken to others and to hold their worthiness by a person’s size is a small implausible but possibly in that century the judgement rang true of a person’s actions be it male or female. To be a lady who plucks eyebrows or pulverizations their face. or to be a motiveless adult females to honest work forces or I believe the proper term here is prostitute. Work force of good position and construct for contending wars or one whom is of a cowardice nature. but what of those work forces who categorically merely did non mensurate up to the criterions of a combatant for wars. In our society today we are slightly powerless of what our physical stature is to go and hence about impossible to state what we will go and certainly plays an of import function in the attitude towards that.

Moby Dick Essay Example

Moby Dick Essay Example Moby Dick Essay Moby Dick Essay Essay Topic: Moby Dick The men gather together back onto the beach. The main thing we notice here is that the pulsating beat stops. Although the heart beat attracts us to the advert, the use of this cleverly placed silence makes you watch with suspense and creates dramatic tension. When the beat stops, we instantly think something is about to happen. If you are watching the advert for the first time, you may still be wondering what product is being promoted, as the advert strangely doesnt mention its brand name until the end. For the first time in the whole advert, we see the Guinness. This happens at exactly 53 seconds into the advert. The advertisers could be making us wait to increase anticipation, as this is the theme of the advert. We then see the product thumping like a heart beat. This could metaphorically mean that the Guinness product is the heart of todays society and as important to man as life itself. The words good things come to those who When looking at this phrase, the first thing that comes to mind is the word wait, and this promotes the lengthy process that leads to a pint of Guinness and emphasis the benefits of waiting. Throughout the advert there is a catchy thumping beat. This keeps you gripped as the tension grows. As well as the beat, we hear a voice in the background saying:  He waits; thats what he does.  And I tell you what: tick followed tock followed tick followed tock followed tick  Ahab says, I dont care who you are, heres to your dream.  Heres to you, Ahab.  And the fat drummer hit the beat with all his heart.  Heres to waiting  The background voice over is a clearly from the book Moby Dick  Moby Dick is about the struggle of a man to catch a whale. We can relate it to the advert, as there is a struggle with a colossal wave. The words also add a slightly sinister atmosphere and along with the steady pulsating beat, it gives a very hypnotic refrain. The Guinness advert is inspirational. It portrays Guinness as being a powerful, masculine and desirable product. The combination of the background beat and music creates a mesmerizing and tense scene. Relief from the tension comes with the knowledge that the surfers are safe and just as the viewer feels able to relax, the screen is filled with the picture of a pint of Guinness. Despite this being the only glimpse that we have of the product it is this picture that the audience will remember.

Why an organization should implement an in person group facilitated Essay

Why an organization should implement an in person group facilitated patient orientation program for patients diagnosed with cancer - Essay Example own that such stress of the potential patients attending in an outpatient cancer clinic can be amplified by several factors experienced in such clinics. Some of these are long waiting time, lack of information, absence of psychosocial care, and paucity of communication between care personnel and the patients. Stress in such situations can be ameliorated considerably since part of this stress is self-inflicted, part due to reasons that may be corrected or reverted, and part real. Moreover stress can impact the outcome in such patients in case a positive diagnosis may be made. If an intervention can be designed and implemented which can alleviate this stress of first-time visit to a outpatient cancer clinic, it could be instrumental in generating better patient outcome and client satisfaction which may align to the organizational goal of providing quality care to such patients through measures which have positive benefits over costs incurred (Gallant and Coutts, 2003). With the background that such patients have several physical, psychological, and educational challenges leading to considerable negative emotions, an intervention can be designed which employs principles of group psychology and educational approaches with the aim to ameliorate stress and negative emotions. At the minimal level, the goal may be to facilitate information exchange where facilities of treatment, actual nature of the disease, available resources at different stages of the management so the patients at least can be assured about the positive aspects that can be accessed, and the patients may be encouraged to conquer the fear about the unknown. These pieces of information can be graphically designed in the form of a printed handbook and all can be recorded in an interactive DVD. The patients who are not able to attend in person can access these if the hospital authority mails this along with the handbook to the prospective patient who demonstrates interests. The sessions m ay occur in the

Applied business ethics seminar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Applied business ethics seminar - Essay Example It is from moral business behaviours that ethical leaders are created. She has made a very valid point, therefore, stating that the two elements should go hand in hand. From her point of view, her tax-evasion schemes are legal and irreproachable. She has clearly stated that she plays by the rules without breaking them. It does not, therefore, prevent her from being a moral person. Her schemes for tax evasion are all legal and within the bounds of the law and saves the company a lot of money. However, these are witty schemes of evading paying taxes and should not be applauded. On the weights of codes, such conduct presents a grey area. Mei-Hua, in a position of a senior manager, is not particularly setting the right example. She is an ethical leader, but business morals are somewhat compromised by her schemes that raise questions towards the same. Deshi is very distasteful about the whole concept of ethics and codes. He also describes them as a document you signs to â€Å"stop you from making money.† They are also documents that you sign to stop you from making money and in addition, they appear to him as guidelines that almost no one in the real business world is clear to follow. Deshi completely disregards the importance of codes of corporate governance. His views may have the benefits of maximizing profit by use of even shrewd means. However, without a code, business would be near to impossible. Deshi has a point in identifying the disparity between what is in the pages of Codes and Ethics and real practice. The codes and ethics seem to be formality documents while actual practice depicts otherwise. He is keen to note that most western companies say one thing but means something else. He implies that even when these documents are signed, most of the businesses do not regard them as their goal is to create profitable, successful businesses. Deshi has had experience in the real world of business. He discovered that no one really

Edward Lee Thorndike And His Behaviour Experiments

Edward Lee Thorndike And His Behaviour Experiments Prior to Edward Lee Thorndikes landmark experimental analysis of behaviour in 1898, the study of the psychology of learning lacked a clear, defined research methodology. Research findings were very much subjective, lacking the quantitative evidence that would give them scientific credence and avoiding impreciseness and ambiguities in their interpretation. People were asked to look inside their minds and describe what they were thinking. (Ormrod, 2008). This method was called introspection, which by its very nature, is devoid of objectiveness. Thus emerged Thorndikes groundbreaking puzzle box experiments with cats, dogs, and chicks, culminating in his doctoral dissertation on animal intelligence in 1898. Through his experiments, the study of learning took on a more objective approach, where the emphasis was on the observables rather than the non-observables. The basis of his experiments was that behaviour is an observable phenomenon and thus is measurable. It led to the birth of the behaviourist movement where research looked primarily at behaviour rather than cognition, given that mental processes (like insight or introspection) cannot be objectively measured with any level of reliability. 2. Thorndikes Experiments (Task (a) of Assignment) To circumvent the subjective nature of research then, Thorndike developed some experiments on the learning phenomenon whose results were beyond subjective interpretations. The idea behind them was to observe the behaviour of a hungry animal trapped in puzzle boxes in its attempt to escape. He conducted the experiments using three animals, viz. cats, dogs, and chicks. Food, functioning as the temptation factor (stimulus), was placed outside the box in full view of the animal. He started with a cat. For it to escape, the cat had to manipulate a device that would open the door in order to get at the food. There were altogether 15 of these boxes, each with different escape mechanisms, ranging from a wire loop, lever, and a treadle which had to be depressed for it to escape. The variety of mechanisms was (presumably) to observe any consistency in behavioural mode despite the variables presented by the escape devices. In its attempts to escape, Thorndike closely observed the cat initiating numerous, apparently random movements, seemingly driven by impulse rather than reasoning. Through the cats struggles, it would eventually trigger the release mechanism. This was achieved more by chance through trial and error rather than by any reasoned action of the cat. The cat was repeatedly put into the box. Thorndike observed that what was initially random and chaotic behaviour became relatively more orderly and efficient. In other words, he noticed gross changes in behaviour when the same set situation was repeated. In addition, he recorded the time it took for the cat to escape from its confinement. He then plotted a time-curve graph which enabled him to not only analyse the animals speed of learning, but also the rate of learning. Thorndike repeated the same puzzle box experiment with dogs and chicks, with minor practical adjustments to the procedure. Again, time-curves were plotted and compared to those exhibited by the cats. However, in some experiments, Thorndike varied the escape mode. Instead of the animal physically manipulating a release device, he would, for example, remove a chick from a box whenever it preened its feathers; or he would open the door when a cat licked or scratched itself. He observed that the chick started preening itself when it was re-placed into the box, indicating the animals instinctive desire to be let out of the box. Time curves were plotted and compared to the curves obtained by the escape device mode. There were also certain other variations in the way the experiments were conducted. One such variation was placing the same cat that was used in a particular box into another differently designed box. He then observed how the cat reacted to the changed environment. In another variation, Thorndike allowed the animal to observe another member of its species in its attempt to escape. He wanted to find out if animals could learn by imitation. 3. Summary of Main Findings (Task (a) of Assignment) 3.1 Overview The overarching finding of Thorndikes experiments was that there are responses (explicit behavioural changes) when there is a stimulus (food). In that sense, there is a stimulus-response (S-R) connection in how animals learn. How well the animals learnt is determined by the experience it gained from the same experiment conducted repeatedly. In effect, this perspective of learning (connectionism) emphasized the role of experience in the strengthening and weakening of the S-R connections. In general, it could be said that the essence of intellectual development depends on how strong this S-R connection is. The main findings from Thorndikes experiments in animal intelligence would form the basis for his formulation of theories related to learning. They led to further research into the more complex intellectual abilities of humans, eventually leading to the development of modern era comparative psychology. 3.2 Findings from the Experiments The main findings from Thorndikes puzzle box experiments can be summarized below: 3.2.1 Gross changes in behaviour When presented with a stimulus (S), the animal displayed an overt response (R), i.e. food (the stimulus) elicited a reaction in a hungry animal. In other words, Thorndike noted explicitly observable behavioural changes when an S-R setting is presented to the animal. The gross changes described by Thorndike manifested itself by the animals impulsive actions in what he described as trial-and-error learning in order to escape from the box. 3.2.2 Learning is gradual Time curves were plotted in all of Thorndikes experiments involving cats, dogs and chicks. The curves were a measurement of the time required for the animal to escape over repeated number of trials ranging from 24 to 117. The graphs allowed Thorndike to not only obtain the escape times, but also the rate of learning, which was represented by the slope of the curves. The time curves presented by all the animals showed remarkably similar patterns of behaviour. Analyses of the curves proved that learning took place gradually, i.e. in incremental steps rather than huge jumps. This was seen in the gradual reduction of escape times over the total number of trials. In one of the experiments, for instance, escape times for a cat varied from a high of 160 seconds to a low of 6 seconds over 24 trials, indicating that it had been steadily more efficient in its attempts to escape. Thorndike alluded to this when he described its initially random, chaotic demeanour gradually becoming more orderly and deliberate. It also proved that in some innate way, the animal had learnt from past experience. 3.2.3 Effective behaviour diminishes ineffective behaviour By analysing the time curves, Thorndike concluded that effective behaviour, i.e. actions that could lead to a satisfactory end, persisted. Conversely, ineffective behaviour diminished. In effect, there was a stamping in of some behaviours and a stamping out of others (Ormrod, 2008). This phenomenon was demonstrated in the way the animals became more efficiently adept in their escape attempts as proven by the quicker escape times. For example, in the experiment with a chick, the initial escape attempt was arbitrary and disorderly. But after many repetitions, the chick learnt to escape quickly with little of the initial chaos. As Chance (1999) puts it: Eventually the bird performed the act required for escape as soon as it was placed in the enclosure. In short, ineffective behaviour petered out. It could also be said that generally, other than through experiential learning, positive learning generates further positive learning. 3.2.4 Generalization of behaviour Thorndike also found that an animal that had learnt to escape via a particular means, e.g. by clawing, tended to employ the same means when placed in a different box with a different escape device. It could be inferred that animals generalize when first put in circumstances different than what they are familiar with, with their immediate prior experience influencing how they subsequently behave. It is only after they have adapted to the new environment that they adopt a new learning approach. 3.2.5 Discriminatory behaviour Another aspect of learning that Thorndike noted from his experiments was that an animal is capable of being discriminatory. This was evident, in one of his experiments, when (i) he made a statement to feed it and indeed fed it, and (ii) he made a statement to feed it, but he did NOT feed it. There far fewer errors in situation (i) than there were in (ii). This illustrated yet another perspective about the learning process that Thorndike delved into. 3.2.6 Learning by observation Thorndike asserted that animals, at least other than primates, do not learn by imitation, even after observing the successful behaviour of other members of their species. He effectively concluded that imitation could be discounted as an aspect of an animals successful behaviour. 4. Theories propounded by Thorndike (Task (b) of the Assignment) Thorndikes experiments on animal intelligence resulted in the formation of a body of theories related to the learning process and laid the scientific foundation for educational psychology. These learning theories were bound together by the theory of connectionism. The principal credo of Thorndikes connectionism is that learning is the result of associations forming between stimuli (S) and responses (R) (http://tip.psychology.org/thorn.html). Connectionism debunked the dominant view held by psychologists before Thorndike that animals learnt by the association of ideas, i.e. they could logically relate events and reason out solutions to a problem. Rather, through his experiments, Thorndike established that animals are equipped with action impulses. It was these impulses, responding to the stimulus (S), that activated the trial-and-error behaviour of the animals trapped in the puzzle boxes. Their eventual successful escape was the result of the gradual learning they experienced arising from actually performing the act. It derived from an innate understanding that the correct actions (affirmative response) produce the desired effect (getting to the food). In short, Thorndike believed that learning requires no ideas in the head of the animal; only the performance of the act itself was essential for a satisfactory consequence. The learning theories propounded by Thorndike, being subsets of connectionism, can be summarised as follows: 4.1 The Law of Effect Responses to a situation that are followed by satisfaction are strengthened; responses that are followed by discomfort are weakened (Ormrod, 2008). This theory basically emphasizes the role of responsive actions and their consequences. In the act of responding, the impulse that produced the successful act would be stamped in (strengthened), whilst all other non-successful impulses would be stamped out (weakened). Eventually the stamping in would become habitual responses to that same situation. In the puzzle box experiments, the S-R connection was established because the response resulted in a satisfying consequence (escape from box). This response was strengthened, as seen when the animal reduced its vain actions (e.g. clawing and scurrying aimlessly) in the repeated experiments, as shown by the much faster escape times. Applied to human learning, this law implies that positive stimuli breed correspondingly positive responses. In practical terms, in schools or any learning institution, students should be provided with an environment that is conducive to learning. Libraries, for example, in general provide this conduciveness. As Ormrod (2008) puts it: Students should experience academic tasks in contexts that elicit pleasant emotions rather than in contexts that elicit anxiety, disappointment, or anger. This statement is consistent with the premise of Thorndikes Law of Effect that satisfactory consequences strengthen the response. 4.2 The Law of Readiness A series of responses can be chained together to satisfy some goal which will result in annoyance if blocked. (http://tip.psychology.org/thorn.html) This theory arose in an experiment where a chick had to execute a sequence of actions to trigger a series of release devices for it to escape confinement. This sequence of acts is today known as a response chain. Extending the aspect of satisfying some goal to humans, it could be surmised that optimal learning takes place only when someone is ready to act; in so doing, the consequences are satisfying. On the other hand, forcing someone to act when he is not ready will be annoying. Forcing can be interpreted as interfering in someones goal-directed behaviour. Interference that leads to unwilling behaviour causes frustration. An analogy could be made of a child who is force-fed to eat vegetables. He may grow up to hate eating vegetables if it is forced upon him. However, if he himself is ready to eat them, the act will more likely lead to satisfaction. In the long run, vegetables are a must in his meals; not having them may lead to annoyance. On a broader perspective, the level of readiness could be linked to a major factor in the efficacy of learning, viz. motivation. At its basic level, motivation is some kind of internal drive which pushes someone to do things in order to achieve something. (Harmer, 2007). When a person is sufficiently motivated to learn, the aforesaid internal drive should ready him/her to learn. In the context of the classroom, a conducive learning environment (S) can also motivate (R) students (the S-R connection in the Law of Effect). Hence it can be said that the stimulus (S) breeds a response (R) (of readiness to learn); in turn the response (R) breeds another positive response (motivation). Here, there is a chain of positive responses in the learning process. 4.3 The Law of Exercise Stimulus-response associations are strengthened through repetition. (Wikipedia, 2009) There are two sub-laws arising from the theory:- a. The Law of Use: The S-R connections are strengthened as they are used. b. The Law of Disuse: The S-R connections are weakened as they are not used. In effect, this theory stresses the importance of repetition in the learning process. This was how the animals strengthened the S-R response progressively in Thorndikes experiments, resulting in the faster escape times evident in the time-curves. The exercise in the law refers to practice, as in the commonly-held adage Practice makes perfect. This is especially true, not only cognitively, but also in skills where psychomotor and kinaesthetic abilities are critical to the learning. For instance, the more successful golfers are more likely to be the ones who hone their skills through longer periods of repetitive drills, all other factors being equal. Motor mechanics achieve a higher level of competency through constant and repetitive work. The importance of repetitive practice in learning cannot be overemphasized. A student can achieve a greater mathematical proficiency through tireless repetitive practice. In language learning, repetition has always played a part to provoke the structuring and re-structuring of noticed language (Harmer, 2007). Hence teachers in language classrooms put their students through choral drilling for them to internalise not only grammatical structures, but also the sentence intonation. The three laws of learning above are interestingly linked to each other. Connections are strengthened because S-R pairings occur many times (Law of exercise) and then rewarded (Law of effect) as well as forming a single sequence of actions (Law of readiness). Re-stating the link in another way, it can be said that in learning, motivation (readiness) is driven by incentives (effect). Both motivation and incentives can drive the learner towards practice (exercise) until ultimate success is achieved. 5. Thorndikes perspective of animal learning (Task (c) of the Assignment) The MacMillan English Dictionary (2002) defines reasoning as: the process of thinking about something in an intelligent and sensible way in order to make a decision. The Concise Oxford English (2002) dictionary defines thinking as: using thought or rational judgement; intelligent. But are both these definitions applicable universally, i.e. applicable to humans and animals? In a general sense, it may appear so. After all a process of thinking, in whatever way, has to take place before an animal acts. But does an animal think by using rational judgement? On the premise that animals do not rationalise, it follows then that animals do not think, at least not in the way that we humans do. Barrow and Woods (2006) declared that rationality is inextricably tied up with the notion of thinking. So it begs the question: How do animals think? Given that thinking is needed for learning, how do animals learn? Thorndike, in his doctoral dissertation, asserted that animal learning has nothing to do with reasoning or the association of ideas. Rather, he declared that it (learning) occurs as a result of trial and accidental success. He concluded this based on his puzzle box experiments where success (of escape) was due to the animals trial-and-error actions rather than a reasoned, logical, i.e. thinking, approach to the problem. According to Thorndike, the outwardly random, chaotic behaviour of the animal was due to the activation of its innate action impulses responding to the stimulus. There was no evident association of ideas in the solution. In laymans terms, animals do not put two and two together (as humans do) in a rational, logical way when they act, i.e. there is no reasoning. If animals could reason, then learning should be abrupt, NOT gradual as proven in Thorndikes time curves. What Thorndike offered, on the other hand, was that instead of the association of ideas, animals learnt through the association of sensations. This perspective was diametrically opposed to the views subscribed by comparative psychologists before him. They had contended that animals had cognitive insight, they being able to establish ideas and employ reasoning in their actions. Thorndikes experiments effectively debunked that long held contention. He said that there was no solid evidence that animals grasped ideas or learned through reasoning (Chance, 1999). In summary, Thorndike put forth four arguments in support of his beliefs. These arguments were empirically backed by the main findings of his puzzle box experiments. Chance (1999) expressed them thus: (1) The behaviour of animals is impulsive and apparently random, not systematic and logical. As enunciated above (and in other sections), when presented with a stimulus, the response of a trapped animal is chaotic; it follows that there is no contemplation or thoughtfulness, therefore no insight. Impulse rather than thought drives its actions. (2) The change in an animals behaviour is gradual, not abrupt. This assertion was validated by the time curves. The curves established that animals learn in incremental steps, not in sudden surges. This implies that there is an absence of reasoning (Chance, 1999). (3) The animals show no sign of understanding between action and consequence even after they have learnt to escape from the box. This arose from an experiment when a cat, which had escaped by pulling a loop, would repeat the same action, even when the loop was absent in the repeated trials. It shows that the cats response had been strengthened due to earlier successes (The Law of effect). It again confirms Thorndikes view that animal learning does not involve reasoning. (4) Animals learnt only if they performed the necessary act themselves. As described in 3.2.6 Learning by observation, animals do not learn by observing and imitating models. Neither would they learn if they are prompted to perform the act, as Thorndike discovered when he repeatedly assisted the cat to pull the release device. When left on its own, the cat could not associate the loop as a means of escape. This indicates that, unless the animal acted on its own volition, learning would not take place (the Law of readiness). It stands that animals cannot reason their way through a problem. 6. Conclusion It has been over 100 years now since Thorndikes pioneering work in the study and psychology of learning, resulting in a learning perspective referred to as connectionism, emphasizing on behaviour as opposed to cognition. It laid the foundation for latter day psychologists to conduct a more objective, scientific research into the process of human and animal learning. Thorndikes puzzle box experiments primarily focussed on the S-R relationship that provided the catalytic impetus to learning. It led to the development of Thorndikes theories, which expounds how learning takes place. Through his experiments, Thorndike also disproved the views held by other psychologists that animals possess insight in their learning process. All in all, Thorndikes research provided a fresh perspective of the learning process which led to further research by others. In a way, this scenario is an instance of the S-R environment. (End)

A Place Where the Sea Remembers †Short Story Essay

In A Place Where the Sea Remembers, Sandra Benitez invites us into a mesmerizing world filled with love, anger, tragedy and hope. This rich and bewitching story is a bittersweet portrait of the people in Santiago, a Mexican village by the sea. Each character faces a conflict that affects the course of his or her life. The characters in this conflict are Remedios, la curandera of the small town who listens to people’s stories and gives them advice, Marta, a 16 year old teenage girl, who was raped and became pregnant. Chayo is Marta’s big sister and Calendario is Chayo’s husband. Justo Flores, his conflict is person vs. self. One of the most important conflicts in this story is person vs. person, then person vs. supernatural followed by person vs. self. Marta was raped at a young age, so she wants to have an abortion. As she talks about it, Calendario, her brother in-law promises her that he and Chayo would take care of her baby when he is born, for he has been promoted to the salad maker in town. But everything changes when Chayo and Calendario are blessed with a child that they thought they would never have. Since Chayo is about to have a baby of her own, she refuses to take care of Marta’s baby. Marta’s dream is to go to El Paso. She goes to see Calendario and she finds out that her own sister did not want to take care of her child because she is having one of her own. So that is when the conflict person vs. person begins between Marta and Chayo. When Chayo finds out about her sister’s betrayal they do not speak for years. There are hard feelings going on between them throughout the story. Marta has a second conflict, person vs. supernatural. Marta goes to see Remedios, la Curandera, to help her with her problem. Remedios knows what happened to Marta even before she speaks. She knows that she was raped on the beach against her will. When Marta tells her about her problem and asks if she could help her Remedios refuses. Marta, disappointed about her sister’s selfishness, goes to el brujo to put a spell on her sister’s son. Marta regrets doing that and goes to Remedios to undo the spell. Chayo still thinks the curse is there after four years. Marta takes care of her own child, and learns how to deal with the fact he came from a rape but in the end there is a twist of fate. Remedios has seen Marta’s future. She knows that her child is going to die; she sees this when the boy was in his mother’s womb. The conflict of person vs. person begins with Don Justo Flores. Each day he goes to the beach where people beach pay him to see his birds perform tricks. Don Justo is a lonely man but he has a story. He had two wives and five children, including Justina, his first, and Ernestina, his fifth. Suddenly he receives a telegraph; he suspects it is bad news but he cannot read. He hopes the telegraph is from Justina saying all is forgiven. So as he walks on the beach as usual, he finds a girl named Rita and asks her to pick her fortune. Don Justo asks the guy next to her to read him the telegraph. The guy tells him it is bad news after he reads, â€Å"Come home at once, papa Justina is gone from us.†(A Place Where the Sea Remembers, Sandra Benitez, p. 108) So he gathers his things and goes to town for tequila and he blames himself for not being a good father and not being there for Justina when she was a little girl. He remembers allowing his second wife to push Justina out of the hou se; he cannot stand the pain. Whether we like it or not, conflict is a part of everyday lives. It can happen to anyone, from your friends to your family. Often it is not the fact that conflict occurs, but how it is dealt with, how people react to it. After being touched by conflict, people can evolve and build strong relationships. However, conversely many people can also suffer and be influenced. Therefore, in some ways conflict can be commendable, and some ways it can be brutal. Often conflict is violent, negative and destructive. However, this is not always so. There are times where conflict can bring unexpected qualities from people change a person for the better. Humans are stubborn. In A Place where the Sea Remembers, Marta and Chayo are experiencing person vs. person conflict. If the sisters understood each other and accepted that each other’s perspective is different, but not wrong, there would not have been any conflict.

Were the American Colonists Justified in Waging War?

Tymyr Wilson 11/20/12 Mr. Jones U. S HIST. Were the American colonists justified in waging war and breaking away from Britain ? The colonists were in every right, aspect and mind not only justified but also it was about time that they stood of and actually take action against the British. The choice of going to war with them, was the only choice that they had.All diplimatical options that they had ceased to stand a chance against the tyrant Britain. From the very beginning when the colonists felt upset against their mother country and the way that they went about the law making, up until the beginning of the war, they tried all diplimatical options that they had by sending letters. When they didn’t work then they had no other means but to declare war. It was said and is very true, that the British gave a lot to the colonists and we see such helpings as in the French and Indian war.The British gave up a lot of troops and money and numerous others in fighting that war that the l east that the colonist could do is to pay the taxes. Well they do have a good right to say that since they were the contributing factor in the colonists being safe from the French and Indians. The people in the end should go about daily lives and pay the normal taxes but you do have to draw the line somewhere. The American colonists were justified in waging war and breaking away from Britain because of unjust laws, a King of tyranny, and both violating searches and officials.These things outraged the colonists in different ways. Forcing them to unite together and rebel against Britain, hence leading to Revolutionary War. First off, Parliament imposed many unjust laws they believed that Britain had the right to impose laws to regulate trade. However contrast the introduction of The Stamp Act was purely to gain revenue. The Stamp Act particularly affected lawyers merchants, and editors, as well as the general public parliament can make laws to bind us in all cases. The colonists wishe d to have a leader of respect who could look out for prosperity.The colonists argued that they were unfairly taxed without representation. In contrary there are many different views, concerning the causes of the Revolutionary War. The colonists felt that their privacy was offended and they were being treated inhumane fashion. Intolerable King oppressed the colonists. over the duration of time, there were many occurrences of injuries unlawful seizures. For example once the Sons Of Liberty used mob violence. Stamp agents resigned The Stamp Act was repealed. Parliament asserted with The Delatory Act. They felt it could pass numerous laws to keep control.

Geography and History of the Island Nation of Samoa

Samoa, officially called the Independent State of Samoa, is an island nation located in Oceania. It is about 2,200 miles (3,540 km) south of Hawaii and its area consists of two main islands, Upolu and Savai. In 2011, Samoa  moved  the International Date Line because it claimed it has more economic ties with Australia and New Zealand (both of which are on the other side of the dateline) than with the United States. On Dec. 29, 2011, at midnight, the date in Samoa changed from Dec. 29 to Dec. 31. Fast Facts: Samoa Official Name: Independent State of SamoaCapital: ApiaPopulation: 201,316  (2018)Official Language: Samoan (Polynesian)Currency: Tala (SAT)Form of Government: Parliamentary republicClimate: Tropical; rainy season (November to April), dry season (May to October)Total Area: 1,093 square miles (2,831 square kilometers)Highest Point: Mount Silisili at 6,092 feet (1,857 meters)Lowest Point: Pacific Ocean at 0 feet (0 meters) History of Samoa Archeological evidence shows that Samoa has been inhabited for over 2,000 years by migrants from Southeast Asia. Europeans did not arrive in the area until the 1700s and by the 1830s, missionaries and traders from England began arriving in large numbers. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Samoan islands were politically divided and in 1904 the easternmost islands became the U.S. territory known as American Samoa. At the same time, the western islands became Western Samoa and they were controlled by Germany until 1914 when that control passed to New Zealand. New Zealand then administered Western Samoa until it gained its independence in 1962. According to the U.S. Department of State, it was the first country in the region to gain independence. In 1997, Western Samoas name changed to the Independent State of Samoa. Today, however, the nation is known as Samoa throughout most of the world. Government of Samoa Samoa is considered a parliamentary democracy with an executive branch of government made up of a chief of state and a head of government. The country also has a unicameral Legislative Assembly with 47 members who are elected by voters. Samoas judicial branch consists of a Court of Appeal, the Supreme Court, the District Court, and the Land and Titles Court. Samoa is divided into 11 different districts for local administration. Economics and Land Use in Samoa Samoa has a relatively small economy that is dependent on foreign aid and its trade relations with foreign nations. According to the CIA World Factbook, agriculture employs two-thirds of the labor force. The main agricultural products of Samoa are coconuts, bananas, taro, yams, coffee, and cocoa. Industries in Samoa include food processing, building materials, and auto parts. Geography and Climate of Samoa Geographically, Samoa is a group of islands located in the South Pacific Ocean or Oceania between Hawaii and New Zealand and below the equator in the Southern Hemisphere. Its total land area is 1,093 square miles (2,831 sq km) and it consists of two main islands as well as several small islands and uninhabited islets. The main islands of Samoa are Upolu and Savai and the highest point in the country, Mount Silisili at 6,092 feet (1,857 m), is located on Savai while its capital and largest city, Apia, is located on Upolu. The topography of Samoa consists mainly of coastal plains but the interior of Savai and Upolu have rugged volcanic mountains. The climate of Samoa is tropical and as such it has mild to warm temperatures year-round. Samoa also has a rainy season from November to April and a dry season from May to October. Apia has a January average high temperature of 86 degrees (30ËšC) and a July average low temperature of 73.4 degrees (23ËšC). Sources Central Intelligence Agency. CIA - The World Factbook - Samoa.Infoplease.com. Samoa: History, Geography, Government, and Culture- Infoplease.com.United States Department of State. Samoa.